Infertility in Men and Women:

A Review of Male and Female Factors by ^{by @drMishi DHMS (RHMS)}
 

Approximately 15% of couples worldwide suffer from infertility. Male and female factors can both play a role in the underlying causes of infertility. The purpose of this study is to review the current understanding of male and female causes of infertility, while focusing on the latest research findings related to the diagnosis and treatment of infertility.

Infertility in Men 

Men can be infertile for a variety of reasons, including genetic abnormalities, hormonal imbalances, structural problems, and lifestyle factors like smoking and drinking. Infertility in men is often caused by:

1. ^{Genetic disorders, hormonal imbalances, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and obesity can all contribute to low sperm count, a leading cause of male infertility.}
2. ^{Infertility due to genetics, infections, or toxic exposure is another common cause of abnormal sperm shape.}
3. ^{There are a variety of factors that can lead to erectile dysfunction, including hormonal imbalances, psychological factors, and lifestyle factors, such as smoking and drinking alcohol.}

Infertility in women 

Infertility in women can also be caused by hormonal imbalances, structural problems, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Infertility in women is caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. ^{Several conditions can lead to ovulation disorders, including hormonal imbalances, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and others.}
2. ^{Infections, endometriosis, and structural problems can block the fallopian tubes.}
3. ^{Infertility is caused by endometriosis, in which the tissue that normally lines the uterus grows outside of it and interferes with ovulation or can block the fallopian tubes.}

Infertility Diagnosis and Treatment 

Various tests and a medical history are used to diagnose infertility in both partners. Tests may include semen analysis, hormonal testing, ultrasounds, and imaging studies. 

Infertility can be treated with medications, surgery, assisted reproductive technologies (ART), or a combination of these approaches depending on the underlying cause. A variety of techniques are used in ART, including in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and donor eggs and sperm.

_{In conclusion, women and men can experience infertility due to a variety of factors. For many couples struggling with infertility, advances in diagnosis and treatment have improved their chances of getting pregnant. Nevertheless, more research is needed to understand the underlying causes of infertility and develop more effective treatments.}